Kristen Betts, Martin Lewis, Angela Dressler, Lars Svensson (2009). Optimizing learning simulation to support a quinary career development model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 10(2), 99-119.
In a competitive global economy, career placement and advancement are based on education, training, and the ability to apply knowledge, skills, and experience within dynamic work environments. While education and training provide the foundation for knowledge and skill development, it is through learning simulation and work-integrated learning that students acquire practical experience and engage in professional development while preparing for new careers, career advancement, or career transition. Therefore, this paper presents (a) a quinary career development model designed by faculty and administrators in the United States, South Africa, Australia, and Sweden; (b) an overview of learning simulation to support career development; and (c) learning simulation activities from the four countries that can be integrated into undergraduate and graduate/post-graduate face-to-face, blended/hybrid, and online programs.